Design and development of energy efficient routing protocols for wireless sensor networks – A Survey

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is the network of embedded devices which typically includes small sensors which senses the environmental parameters and forwards those to the base station.  Because the sensor nodes are powered by batteries, their lifespan is limited. The sensing and communication consumes lot of energy and the nodes are dead once the energy is fully consumed. Moreover, the batteries are not rechargeable and difficult to replace hence, energy conservation is a major concern as far as the network lifetime is concerned. The energy related issues can be managed well with the focusing on energy efficient routing protocols. Our paper provides a comprehensive survey of various routing techniques in WSN based on few predefined performance estimation metrics like the network lifespan, delay, distance, throughput, cluster head selection, energy efficiency, and network stability.