Nrf2 signaling pathways are part of a wider network of signaling pathways regulating thymoquinone therapeutic actions which need innovative formulations and delivery methods

Abstract

Thymoquinone (TQ) therapeutic actions are regulated by one of the multiple routes that activate the Nrf2 protein. The effect of TQ is connected to Nrf2 signaling pathways, which make up part of a larger set of signaling pathways. The fact that TQ has been successful in dealing with so many illnesses implies that it might be utilized in concert with other therapy modalities. In the end, as a consequence of further testing on its safety and increased bioavailability, TQ might be beneficial for therapeutic purposes. At present, there are no human clinical trials that examine the modulatory effect of TQ on Nrf2-mediated cellular homeostasis, and the current study could not provide any recommendations as to where to go for human TQ. In order to establish the therapeutic benefits of TQ in human disorders that rely on Nrf2 signaling, further clinical trials are needed. The pharmacokinetic properties of TQ are now limited to a greater body of studies examining the drug's role in Nrf2 pathway activation. Future research should focus on the development of novel TQ formulations and delivery techniques given these limitations.